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Using the latest version of Transport Layer Security (TLS)is important to ensure application network communications are secure.

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Warning

April, 2018 – Due to increased security requirements, including PCI compliance, major cloud providers and web servers are expected to stop supporting TLS versions older than 1.2. Xamarin projects created in previous versions of Visual Studio default to use older versions of TLS.

In order to ensure your apps continue to work with these servers and services, you should update your Xamarin projects to use the settings below, then re-build and re-deploy your apps to your users.

Projects must reference the System.Net.Http assembly and be configured as shown below.

Update Xamarin.Android to TLS 1.2

Update the HttpClient implementation and SSL/TLS implementation options to enable TLS 1.2 security.

These settings can be found in Project Properties > Android Options and then clicking on the Advanced button:

These settings can be found in Project Options > Build > Android Build tab:

Update Xamarin.iOS to TLS 1.2

Update the HttpClient Implementation option to enable TSL 1.2 security.

This setting can be found in Project Properties > iOS Build:

This setting can be found in Project Options > Build > iOS Build tab:

Update Xamarin.Mac to TLS 1.2

In Visual Studio for Mac, to enable TLS 1.2 in a Xamarin.Mac app, update theHttpClient Implementation option in Project Options > Build > Mac Build:

Warning

The upcoming Xamarin.Mac 4.8 release will only support macOS 10.9 or higher.Previous versions of Xamarin.Mac supported macOS 10.7 or higher, butthese older macOS versions lack sufficient TLS infrastructure to supportTLS 1.2. To target macOS 10.7 or macOS 10.8, use Xamarin.Mac 4.6 orearlier.

Alternative configuration options

This section discusses alternatives to the TLS 1.2-supported configurations shown above.Application developers should only consider these alternatives if they understand the risksof using different levels of TLS support.

HttpClient implementation

Xamarin developers have always been able to use the native networking classesin their code, however there is also an option that determines which networkingstack is used by the HttpClient classes. This provides a familiar .NET APIthat has the speed and security advantages of the native platform.

The options are:

Managed stack – the Mono-provided network functionality, or
Native stack – various networking APIs provided by the underlyingplatforms (Android, iOS, or macOS).

The managed stack provides the highest level of compatibility with existing.NET code, however it can be slower and result in larger executable size.

The native options can be faster and have better security (including TLS 1.2),but may not provide all the functionality and options of the HttpClient class.

SSL/TLS implementation (Android)

Android project options also let you choose which SSL/TLS implementation to support:

Mono/Managed – TLS 1.1 on Android
Native – TLS 1.2 on Android.

New Xamarin projects default to the native implementation thatsupports TLS 1.2 (which is recommended for all projects),however you can switch back to the managed code if required for compatibility reasons.

Important

The Mono/Managed option has been removed from iOS and Mac project options.

The Native option is always used on iOS and Mac platforms.

Platform-specific details

The above summary explains the project-level settings for HttpClientand SSL/TLS implementation in Xamarin Projects. The HttpClient implementationcan also be set dynamically in code. Refer to these platform-specific guides for more information:

Summary

Applications should use Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.2 wherever possible.You should update the settings in existing applications according to the instructionsin this article, then re-build and re-deploy to your customers.

Related links

Novell's NetWare and eDirectory are still major presences in many organizations today, particularly in some education markets. But fully integrating Mac OS X with both NetWare and eDirectory poses a unique set of challenges to systems administrators. The solutions are not as simple or as 'out of the box' as they can be for integrating Mac OS X into a Windows/Active Directory environment, for instance.

In fact, the process of linking NetWare and Apple often requires much greater planning and testing, and the use of third-party software.

Novell client vs. NetWare Loadable Modules

Novell uses two methods of communication with client computers in a network. The first is client-based software that manages the client's interaction with the Novell server(s). This client authenticates user access to both the computer and to network resources. It can use Novell's authentication and encryption techniques to securely transmit log-in information and to secure file access.

Windows users of a computer on which the Novell client is installed will see a Novell log-in dialog at startup instead of the traditional Windows log-in dialog. The Novell client's typical installation also includes a variety of tools for tasks such as browsing servers within the Novell network, using network printers and even messaging other users.

The alternative to relying on Novell's client is to install NetWare Loadable Modules (NLM) on the Novell server(s). NLMs extend the functionality of the server and are produced by both Novell and third parties. Novell includes NLMs for what it refers to as Native File Access. These NLMs essentially provide the framework for the server to authenticate users and deliver access to resources using protocols native to other platforms, such as Apple Filing Protocol (AFP) for Macs and SMB/CIFS (Server Message Block/Common Internet File Services) for Windows.

In a Windows-only environment, advantages to using client software are that this method doesn't require overhead on the server and it ensures Novell's authentication and encryption techniques are supported by the client. It also ensures access to directory services and allows authentication of user log-in.

The disadvantage is that it must be installed (and periodically updated) on every client.

In contrast to the Windows-only environment, Native File Access (NFA) for a Mac requires little if any modification on the client, but it produces some overhead -- usually minimal -- on the server. And it doesn't always provide the most secure communication methods.

However, Novell does not produce a Mac client version of its software. As a result, Novell admins needing to support Macs must rely on NFA or they must use third-party software.

Using NFA presents some major challenges. While NFA provides authentication and access to shared files and printers via AFP, it does not provide any way to authenticate user access to local computers. When users log in at a Mac, they must use a local account stored on that computer rather than a network account. This prevents the ability to fully secure access to worksta

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